Chemist Profile and Career Information

Heres a look at what a chemist is, what a chemist does, and what type of salary and career opportunities you can expect as a chemist. What Is a Chemist? What Do Chemists Do? There are a lot of different employment opportunities open to chemists. Some chemists work in a lab, in a research environment, asking questions and testing hypotheses with experiments. Other chemists may work on a computer developing theories or models or predicting reactions. Some chemists do field work. Others contribute advice on chemistry for projects. Some chemists write. Some chemists teach. The career options are extensive. More Careers in Chemistry Job Outlook for Chemists analytical chemistry Chemist Salaries federal executive branch: $88,930scientific research development: $68,760chemical manufacture: $62,340pharmaceutical manufacture: $57,210testing laboratories: $45,730 Chemist Working Conditions Types of Chemists Organic Chemists - work with carbon and carbon-compounds, many of which come from plants or animals. Organic chemists develop drug, petrochemicals, fertilizers, and plastics.Inorganic Chemists - deal primarily with non-carbon chemistry involving metals, minerals, and electronics.Analytical Chemists - examine substances. Analytical chemists identify materials, measure quantities, and evaluate properties of elements and compounds.Physical Chemists - work primarily in the field of energy research. Physical chemists look at chemical and physical changes and examine the relationships between matter and energy. Chemist Educational Requirements in a career in chemistry Advancement as a Chemist chemist with a masters degree How to Get a Job as a Chemist studying chemistry often accept co-op positions with companies so they can work in chemistry while getting their education. These students often stay on with the company following graduation. Summer internships are another excellent way to learn whether or not a chemist and a company are a good fit for each other. Many companies recruit from campuses. Graduates can learn about jobs from college career placement offices. Chemistry jobs may be advertised in journals, newspapers, and online, though one of the best ways to network and find a position is through a chemical society or other professional organization.

Marketing Pl Glf Cafe - 1683 Words

GLF Cafe 1. Executive Summary This business plan provides a in-depth evaluation and plan of the present and potential profitability, liquidity and financial security of GLF Cafe. This business has prospective future in the cafe market as it is a unique and original business. GLF Cafe will satisfy the demands of the target audience, because gluten and lactose free dieting popularity has been increasing rapidly. 1.1 Business Name and Justification GLF Cafe is a original name. This name has been chosen by the owner as it will provide a variety of ONLY lactose and gluten free food and beverages for those who are on these diets. The initials GLF is a abbreviation for (Gluten and Lactose free Cafe.) 1.2 Vision and Mission statement â€Å"Healthy†¦show more content†¦The location in George street is optimal as it is outside a chain of bus stops and train stations. Those who come to work early can stop by GLF Cafe before going to work as it is in a good location. It is possible that the working class who are thinking about having a healthier diet may be influenced and supported by the business.†¨ 1.5 Ownership and legal structure This business will be operation by a sole trader. As the business running under a sole trader it would not be hard to register the business. The reason why this business will be operated by a sole trader is that the owner has complete control of the decisions regarding the business. A sole trader can employ staff at will, will receive full profits and dissolving or exiting the business will requiring no hassle at all if the situation arises. 1.6 Business Goals For the first two years of operate this business has the following goals to achieve: To win the TIME OUT Food Awards for best cafe. To have a excellent costumer base. To create original and interesting lactose and gluten free recipes. To implement a social media promotion campaign. To train all employees to the highest standards a cafe can produce. 1.7 SWOT Analysis 2. Operations and Human Resources 2.1 Staff Personal and skill requirements The willingness to help people. A passion for good food and beverages. Good problem-solving and decision-making skills. Strong organisational skills. The ability to lead and supervise people. Ability

The Stupidest Angel Chapter 22 Free Essays

Chapter 22 A PERFECT LONESOME CHRISTMAS The archangel Raziel hovered outside the Santa Rosa Chapel’s big cathedral window, looking through a small pane of pink glass that formed Saint Rosa’s cheek. He smiled at his handiwork, then beat his great wings and flew off to find some chocolate to sustain him on his trip home. Life is messy. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stupidest Angel Chapter 22 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Would that every puzzle piece fell into place, every word was kind, every accident happy, but such is not the case. Life is messy. People, generally, suck. This year, however, the Lonesome Christmas party in Pine Cove was coming off with clarified joy, an infectious goodwill, and a general harmony of spirit that shone in the guests with a smooth, high polish – a no-mess affair. â€Å"Theo,† Molly said, â€Å"can you grab the other lasagna pans out of the back.† She was carrying two of the long stainless-steel pans herself, and she was careful to bend at the knees as she set them down on the buffet table to keep the back of her short cocktail dress in the realm of decency. It was a plunging neckline LBD (little black dress) she’d borrowed from Lena just for the party – the first low-cut thing she’d worn in years. â€Å"We could have barbecued after all,† Theo said. â€Å"I told you fucksticks that the storm would turn south,† Mavis Sand growled as she sawed the end off a baguette like the moyl at a titanic bris. (Some people’s goodwill shines differently than others’.) Molly set down her lasagna and turned around into the arms of her praying mantis of a husband. â€Å"Whoa, sailor, Warrior Babe’s got work to do.† â€Å"I just wanted to tell you,† Theo said, â€Å"before everyone gets here, that you look absolutely stunning.† Molly brushed her hand across her neckline. â€Å"Scars don’t do that, do they? They don’t just disappear overnight like that, right?† â€Å"Doesn’t matter to me,† Theo said. â€Å"Never mattered. Wait until you see what I got you for Christmas.† Molly kissed him on the chin. â€Å"I love you, even if you have mutant tendencies; now free me, Lena needs help with the salad.† â€Å"No, I don’t,† said Lena, coming out of the back room carrying a huge salad bowl. Tucker Case followed close behind with a stainless caddie of dressings. â€Å"Oh, Theo,† Lena said, â€Å"I hope you don’t mind, but Dale is going to come by in his Santa suit tonight.† â€Å"I thought you guys were in combat,† Theo said. â€Å"We were, but he surprised me a couple of nights ago when I was stealing some of his Christmas trees, and was just losing his temper when Tucker happened along and popped him in the nose.† Tucker Case grinned. â€Å"I’m a pilot, we’re used to handling tense situations.† â€Å"Anyway,† Lena continued, â€Å"Dale was drunk. He started crying, getting maudlin, talking about how he was having trouble with his new girlfriend, saying how he hated that everyone saw him as the evil developer, so I invited him here. Thought maybe if he could do something nice for the kids, it would make him feel better.† â€Å"No problem,† Theo said. â€Å"I’m glad you two are getting along.† â€Å"Hey, Theo!† yelled Joshua Barker as he ran across the chapel floor toward them. â€Å"Mom says Santa will be at the party.† â€Å"A quick appearance, Josh, then he has to get on his route,† Theo said. He looked up to see Emily Barker and her boyfriend/husband/whatever Brian Henderson coming across the room. Brian was wearing a red Star Fleet Command shirt. â€Å"Merry Christmas, Theo,† Emily said. Theo hugged Emily and shook Brian’s hand. â€Å"Theo, have you seen Gabe Fenton?† Brian asked. â€Å"I wanted to show him the shirt, I think he’ll get a kick out of it. You know, nerd solidarity.† â€Å"He was here a little bit ago, Brian, but then Val Riordan arrived and they were talking. I haven’t seen them for a while.† â€Å"Maybe they went for a walk. Beautiful evening, isn’t it?† â€Å"Isn’t it,† said Molly, coming to Theo’s side. â€Å"He said he was good with weather,† said the Narrator. â€Å"Shhhhhhh,† said Molly. â€Å"Pardon?† Brian said. Out behind the chapel, the dead were feeling festive as well. â€Å"He’s going to do her right here in the graveyard,† said Marty in the Morning. â€Å"Who would have thought a shrink could moan like that. A little carnal scream therapy, huh, doc?† â€Å"No way,† said Bess Leander. â€Å"She’s wearing Armani, she’s not going to mess up that outfit.† â€Å"You’re right,† said Jimmy Antalvo. â€Å"They’ll just suck face and take the party home for makeup sex. But how do you know she’s wearing Armani?† â€Å"You know what?† said Bess. â€Å"I have no idea. Just a feeling, I guess.† â€Å"I do hope they sing ‘Good King Wenceslas, † said Esther, the schoolteacher. â€Å"I just love that song.† â€Å"Has anyone seen the biologist’s dreadful dog?† asked Malcolm Cowley, the dead book dealer. â€Å"Last year the beast urinated on my headstone three times.† â€Å"He was sniffing around a minute ago,† said Marty in the Morning, â€Å"but he went inside when they started to bring the food out.† Inside, Skinner was sitting under the Christmas tree, looking at the strangest creature he’d ever seen. It was hanging from the lower branches, but it didn’t look like a squirrel, or smell like food; in fact, it had a face that looked like another dog. Skinner whimpered and sniffed the air. If it was a dog, where was its butt? How could he say hello if he couldn’t sniff its butt? He took a tentative step back to study the thing. â€Å"What are you looking at?† said Roberto. How to cite The Stupidest Angel Chapter 22, Essay examples

New scientific theories free essay sample

Scientific peer review is the evaluation of scientific research findings or proposals for competence, significance and originality, by qualified experts who research and submit work for publication in the same field (peers). Most commonly, peer review is used by the editors of scientific journals, who ask well-qualified experts to provide written opinions about research papers that have been submitted for publication. On completing a project or stage of work, researchers write up their results into a paper presenting their experiments, findings and conclusions, and send the paper to a journal to be published. Scientific papers are sometimes written by individual scientists, but frequently the authors are groups of scientists who have worked as a team on the research. The journal’s editorial staff selects experts in the same field of work who are qualified to judge the scientific merits of the paper – its competence, significance and originality – and who are themselves involved in research and publication and subjected to the same discipline (peers). For some journals the editorial staff is employed by the journal and for others the work is done by professional scientists who act as editors as an additional activity. The selected experts, known as referees (or reviewers) review the paper and judge such things as whether the design and methodology of the research were appropriate, the data are plausible and the paper is written clearly. The referees are asked whether the paper acknowledges prior work, whether it is suitable for the journal’s scientific readership and whether it should be published in its current form or with revisions. Sometimes peer review is used to decide which papers should be delivered at scientific conferences. Many funding bodies ask scientific peers to assess whether proposed research is likely to contribute something new and significant, and whether it uses suitable expertise and methods. Peer review helps to keep funding decisions objective. Peer review provides corrective feedback on papers describing research results submitted for publication. This is the process through which research findings become formally public. Why is peer review used? Peer review is an expert advice system to help editors of scientific journals in judging the scientific value and plausibility of research papers they receive, and deciding which should be published. This helps to make journals a reliable source of new information and discoveries for other scientists to investigate or build on. We can think of peer review as â€Å"a form of scientific quality control† or â€Å"an error detection system†. But it is a much more critical and dynamic process than many other forms of quality regulation. It is based on using the scientific judgement of other experts who are also trying to advance knowledge in the area as to whether work is competent, significant and original. Peer review is also used by many other academic journals, for example in the social sciences and humanities, to determine whether work is sufficiently competent, significant and original to merit publication. Publishing requires very specific and substantive feedback about each paper, not just a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ decision. Referees might notice mistakes in calculations, or the absence of sufficient safeguards for checking results, for example, or inappropriate statistical tests. Whether research has been conducted by distinguished scientists in an eminent laboratory or by less established teams, it is subject to this scientific scrutiny. A useful summary of peer review has been provided by a group of social scientists: â€Å"Researchers can make mistakes that render their conclusions worthless; and even when they conduct their research properly, they are also all too likely to exaggerate its importance. A review by scientists familiar with the subject matter is likely to detect mistakes and to qualify exaggerated claims. Thus peer review is important because it helps determine whether a study’s substantive conclusion follows logically from the procedures used to arrive at it and whether the conclusion makes a significant contribution to our knowledge. † Papers are sent to scientists to review because of their abilities to make a scientific assessment. Without the peer-review system, which research findings come to prominence would be arbitrary. Personal attributes and social influence or power would be more likely to play a role. Papers would be published regardless of whether experiments are poorly constructed, control groups inaccurately devised or the data insufficient. Every scientist would have to navigate so much unfiltered material that they would have time for little else. Scientists would have no choice but to resolve this arbitrariness because they depend on published results they can trust, in the same way that people on the sixtieth floor depend on the lift working – scientists would reinvent peer review. Why is there sometimes resistance to new theories? Because some new theories can challenge the conclusions that have been drawn by existing theories, and people can be reluctant to give up the work theyve put into developing the current theory and explanations. If the new theory is fruitful and successfully predicts and explains the observations better than the old theory, it will ultimately becomes the accepted theory. Science, as a whole, is self-correcting. Source: Accepted scientific theories and laws become part of our understanding of the universe and the basis for exploring less well-understood areas of knowledge. Theories are not easily discarded; new discoveries are first assumed to fit into the existing theoretical framework. It is only when, after repeated experimental tests, the new phenomenon cannot be accommodated that scientists seriously question the theory and attempt to modify it. There 3 types of resistance to new scientific theories: type 1 arguments are coming from people outside science and they attack the new theory to protect a conception of the world. For instance Galileo/Copernicus vs Vatican type 2 arguments are coming from people inside science because the new theory is farfetched or flaky. For instance the theory that says we are only using 10% of your brain type 3 arguments are coming from people inside science against the new theory because it is the usual process of science: a new theory must be thoroughly discussed and tested. example: quantum mechanics vs Einstein In my opinion: †¢The theories can fly in the face of what people believe, or what they want to believe. For example, the idea of global warming still faces resistance because it goes against what many people want to believe. However, many new theories also face resistance from within the scientific community. I would argue that this is largely because new theories necessarily go against old, accepted theories. Many scientists will have based their careers on the old theories and will not want to be told they are wrong. This second point of mine is based on the work of Thomas Kuhn. Because to accept new scientific theories can challenge the traditional interpretation of matters that previously relied on faith and religion for answers, e. g. the Theory of Evolution vs. Creationism when it was first introduced. Sometimes accepting scientific theories means changing personal behaviours to fit the new scientific model, or involves a significant dollar cost to businesses and individuals, e. g. HIV research, education and funding or global warming and climate change and the development of alternative energies. In addition to the reasons already stated, there is resistance to new scientific theories because the community of scientists rely upon each other to test each other’s theories, methods and even repeatedly tested experiments and their outcomes. The resistance to a new theory is especially high and scientists will be particularly sceptical if that new theory is purely theoretical. Some scientific theories have developed based on thought experiments and abstract thinking only indirectly based on recorded observations and past experiments. There are some theories which will remain mostly theoretical because we cant do certain experiments yet since the technology for conducting those experiments does not yet exist. For example, there are different theories about what the new Hadron Collider (particle accelerator) will tell us. In quantum physics, the new theory is called string theory or M-theory. They both still have theory as part of the name because experimentation is still difficult to do. This is all a roundabout way of saying new theories meet resistance until the community can test those theories with experimentation and offer feedback: and there will be more resistance if it goes against well established theories which were thought to have been absolute and true. The beauty of scientific theories is that they remain theories until substantiated by facts. At some point, the theory, held together with sustainable facts, becomes fact itself, inasmuch as anyone today can agree on fact. But the reasons for dissension are not scientific; no one in Newtons day got upset with his Universal Formula for Gravitation; fact supplanted, supplied and expanded the explanations of celestial and terrestrial motion which conjecture had previously held. Theories can be proven or disproven. Facts can only be established. There are more failed scientific theories than successful ones, but each failure eventually leads to a deeper understanding and ultimately a stronger theory that can transform to fact. Human egos are delicate things. As mentioned, the history of science is full of examples of young upstarts challenging and sometimes prevailing over the august theories of an older generation. People are always more comfortable with what they know. A new scientific theory that opposes conventional wisdom will not be accepted simply because its different than what people have always believed. The truth is that common people dont understand much science, and distrust it when it is different or doesnt make sense. The theory of global warming can be demonstrated as fact; the world is heating up; the facts behind the warming cannot, at least currently. That it’s a function wholly of industrialization has not been proven, as it has not accounted for the natural cycles of global heating and cooling. Certainly industrialization may be accelerating the natural process. Good scientists base conclusions on observable fact and change as new facts dictate; they do not base conclusions on emotions like so politicians pandering for a cause and for votes. Sometimes widely accepted theories are difficult to change, even if there are alternative explanations, due to conservatism. A theory is an attempt to explain a phenomenon in the natural world and has not necessarily been proven. Throughout the years many theories have been proven and disproven. There are always going to be people with different points of views and theories of their own. Scepticism is always going to be there.

Lab Questions Phylum Annelida free essay sample

Earthworms (class Oligocene) and marine polychrome worms (class polyphosphate) have bristles (chaste) protruding from their body segments, while leeches (class hardliner) lack these bristles. The function of these bristles (chaste)? 5. Annelids have the following type Of ocelot condition a. Callous b. Pseudonymous c. Schoolhouses coleuses d. Interlocutors coleuses Which other phyla have this type of ocelot? 6. Are annelids covered with cuticle or with chitin? How does cuticle differ from chitin? Can annelids molt? What is 7. When an annelid grows with age, it increases its number of its segments.Which end (anterior or posterior) of the worm has the most recently formed segments? 8. Describe the annelids digestive system [list the structures and their appearance, location and function]. 9. Describe the annelids circulatory system. Is it open or closed? How many hearts does an earthworm have? Where are they located? Describe the path blood takes through the worms body. 10. Describe the annelids respiratory (gas exchange) system. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Questions Phylum Annelida or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Does it have lungs? Gills? How does it accomplish gas exchange? Why do annelids have to live in moist habitats? 11. Describe the excretory system of the annelid.How is this different from what other worm phyla have possessed? 12. Describe the function and location of nephritic (organs). Nephritic are part of the organ system. 13. Describe the annelids nervous system. Does it have one brain, or one major brain and several ganglia. .. Anyway You tell me. Where are their ganglia? How many nerve cords do they have and where are they? Continue On from here. 14. Are annelids unconscious or decision? Describe the annelid reproductive system. 15. Describe mating in earthworms. Can an earthworm fertilize its own eggs? Can it have sex with itself? 16.What is the function of an annelids clientele? 17. What characteristics define members of phylum annelid? 18. Describe the characteristics of each of the following classes (similarities and differences): polyphosphate, Oligocene, hardliner. I would suggest making an extensive table. 19. What are paradox? Who has them? 20. Describe the eye of the Nereid worm. 21 . What is meant by sedentary? In tube-dwelling polyphosphates, does the worm move with the tube (the worm being attached to the tube) or does the tube stay in place and the worm can freely move through the tube? What is the tube made out of [what is its composition]? . Explain the function/s of the tentacles in polyphosphates. 23. Describe reproduction in polyphosphates and notice how it differs from sex in earthworms. 24. What type of larva do polyphosphates have? Who else has a Terpsichore larva? Do all annelids have a Terpsichore larva? If not, who does and who does not? What habitat works for a Terpsichore larva? Is the Terpsichore larva a useful characteristic for linking phyla? Explain your answer. 25. In what ways are mollusks and annelids linked [what characteristics do they share]? 26. Earthworms are members of class Oligocene. Translate the words polyphosphate and Oligocene.

20 Ethics Research Paper Topics and Ideas

20 Ethics Research Paper Topics and Ideas In the contemporary world, where a growing tendency towards the establishment of a sustainable society takes place, ethics is a valuable field that provides ways of how to achieve this goal. However, because of the long-lasting history of this branch of philosophy and therefore, high diversification of ethical approaches, it is essential to conduct in-depth research before applying any of those approaches to the real-life issues. In this context, you should remember that ethics research paper requires you to be attentive to details of ethical doctrine. Do not hesitate to employ a variety of academic books and scholarly journals to make your research valid and relevant. Topics and Ideas for Ethics Research Paper 1. Moral Relativism in a Globalized World The concepts of Moral Relativism deals with the diversity of ethical principles resulted from a diversity of cultures. When researching this topic, you can refer to the ideas of normative moral relativism about tolerating the values of other cultures, even in case they contradict the widely accepted standards. Moreover, it will be interesting to discuss these ideas within the framework of globalization, reviewing the examples of international toleration. 2. The Role of Applied Ethics in the Contemporary World Since Applied Ethics involves itself into the research and analysis of the controversial issues, such as abortion, capital punishment, and some others, it is critically important to analyze the background of this approach, as well as its place in the contemporary world. Namely, you can research the critical principles driving the theorists working towards this direction, as well as the significant contribution of the applied ethics to the practical study of the modern dilemmas. 3. The Contribution of William Ockham to the Development of Voluntarism To understand better the ideas of the divine command theory or voluntarism, it is reasonable to research the life and work of William Ockham, the proponent of this theory. Although there is a list of widely known principles of voluntarism, you can research which of them have appeared due to the contribution of William Ockham and make a conclusion regarding the importance of the insights expressed by him, especially in relation to the other authors. 4. Skepticism as the Alternative to Divine Nature of Ethics Although skeptics acknowledge the moral values, they reject the divine nature of ethics, or, in other words, the ideas of voluntarism. Instead, they insist on the human ground of morality. You can move on and research moral skepticism in relation to how it differs from the divine command theory. 5. The Differences and Similarities between Male and Female Morality Since gender issues are of high importance in the contemporary world, it will be reasonable to research and compare male and female moral values. To complete this task, you can analyze the scholarly articles containing surveys and experiments to figure out how those values differ, basing on quantitative data. Besides, you can employ theoretical insights and universal ethical theories to explain the results of the first part of the research. 6. The Basics of Consequentialist Justification Consequentialism is among the most widely discussed ethical approaches because of its definition of morality. Namely, it states that morality is determined by the outcomes of the action. In this research, you can go into details of this approach, as well as review the example of the application of consequentialism taken from real life. 7. Contradictory Aspects of the Principle of Lawfulness The principle of lawfulness is among the basic principles of ethics, which state that one should not violate the law to act ethically. Research this principle and discuss, providing real-world examples, and how it can contradict other essential ideas of ethics, such as the principle of personal benefit or principle of paternalism. 8. The Legality of Prostitution The issue of whether prostitution should be acknowledged legal is long lasting but still unresolved. The reason is the existence of pluralistic values and contradictory ethical approaches. Research the two ethical theories that justify and refute the legality of prostitution, and reveal which one has more proponents. To perform this research appropriately, you can use academic literature to provide relevant facts about two approaches, as well as other sources to get an insight into the question of what theory is more promising. 9. Obligatory Status of Vaccination Immunization programs become more and more popular in the contemporary world, while still being actively criticized by those arguing that obligatory vaccination violates the principle of autonomy. You can research different ethical approaches to this issue, including the one mentioned above, and after comparing them with the real-world facts, figure out the relevant conclusions regarding which theory should be accepted universally. 10. National Security vs. Individual Privacy: An Ethical Approach This research should focus on the controversies that appear when one is trying to combine the goals of national security and individual right to privacy. You can study different ethical interpretations of this issue to find out the most convenient one. Also, highlight what situations require taking into account the individual interests over national security and vice versa. For this purpose, you can review the real-world case showing the process of balancing between national and individual interests. 11. Utilitarian Approach to Population Control Use the contribution of Utilitarianism to research the issue of population control. Although non-interference in relation to the matter of constantly growing population protects people right to decide on the size of their families by their own, it creates significant threats for future generations, such as those challenges that relate to overpopulation. Using the utilitarian approach, ensure to research the advantages and costs of population control to figure out the position of the supporters of this theory regarding this matter. 12. Utilitarian Interpretation of Armed Conflict In this research, it seems reasonable to include both theoretical and applied parts. Namely, after researching the major ideas of Utilitarianism, you can study how they apply to the matter of armed conflict and well-known examples of such conflicts. Besides, you can cover the appearance of terrorism, including the real-world cases, and conclude whether it can be ethically justified. 13. The Pluralism of Approaches to Forced Marriage Ethics provide us with quite a multi-dimensional perspective on the issue of forced marriage. While the voluntarism does not acknowledge its morality because of the absence of religious sources for such appearance, the moral relativism offers a justification of it. Research both views and possible alternatives to figure out the mental map of ethical doctrine formed around the issue of forced marriage. 14. Ethical Approach to Animal Testing While the supporters of the utilitarian approach argue that because of the benefits created for humans, animal testing is justified and morally right, there are still a lot of opponents to such an idea. You can research the alternatives to utilitarian perspective and, using the scholarly literature, assess which is the most promising in both short-term and long-term perspectives. 15. Categorization of the Ethical Arguments against Contraception In this research paper, you can review and categorize the variety of arguments expressed against contraception as the method of birth control. You should mentally divide the arguments according to the major ideas standing behind each view, as well as theoretical approaches under which the perspective is expressed. 16. The Issue of Transplant Tourism In this research, you should study the topic of transplantation, including the major ethical arguments for and against it. Using the theoretical approaches of ethics, research the views discussing whether the threat of transplant tourism is harmful enough to ban the compensated transplantation. It means that you should balance between the pros and cons of compensated transplantation, making an emphasis on transplant tourism as a significant disadvantage of transplantation. 17. Ethical Issues in the Workplace The workplace is the environment with the increased chances of the appearance of various ethical issues, such as harassment. Research the common challenges that employees and employers usually face and provide the ethical assessment of those issues using the popular ethical approaches and scholarly literature. 18. Ethical Side of Beauty Pageants While beauty contests are usually treated in a negative context, some people support these events, highlighting their strong ethics and contribution. Research the advantages and disadvantages of beauty contests to balance them within the framework of three well-known ethical approaches, which you can choose on your own. 19. Normative Ethics: Comparison of Deontology and Consequentialism Normative ethics is among the most widely used branch of ethics, which allows us to understand what actions are morally right. However, it also covers the approaches that are quite contrasting. For this research, study and compare two opposing views of normative ethics – deontology and consequentialism. Additionally, it will be efficient for you to research the cases of the application of these perspectives in a real-world setting. 20 The Basics of Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct In the contemporary world, the well-designed code of ethics and professional conduct is an essential part of every successful and fruitful working environment. You should research this concept, including its characteristics, critical parts, and the outcomes of the application of such documents to the working practices. Moreover, you can point out the ethical approach that usually serves as a basis for the design of the code of ethics. Conclusion To conclude, ethics performs a critical role in particularly every aspect of life, providing moral guidance for decisions and doings. In spite of the wide range of ethical approaches, you should be able to know when and what perspective can be applied. Ethics research allows you to get acquainted with the specifics of ethical interpretation of a particular issue; therefore, the increased awareness will boost your ability to make the right decisions. However, you should remember that ethics research itself requires a high concentration and devotion to the long-lasting and profound study of academic literature to be conducted appropriately.

Unit 6 Proposal Designs Assignment Research Paper

Unit 6 Proposal Designs Assignment - Research Paper Example Most of the people live a sedimentary lifestyle and lack of physical fitness programs in the area worseness the situation even more. The organization intends to serve the entire community without excluding anyone both men and women and children and elderly (Zlowodzki, JÃ ¶nsson, Kregor, & Bhandari, 2007). The fact that the majority of people are middle income earns with only a few wealthy, and the rest are low income earns explains the reason as to why they are facing the problem listed above. Most people live in a sedimentary lifestyle especially the elderly. No emphasize has been attached to health and fitness among the residents. The issues of obesity and other health related problems like high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes issues that people are facing is attributed to lack of physical fitness programs in the area. Limited resources and poor access to care and services aggravate the situation. Lack of stable sources of income due to the high unemployment rate among the residents is also an attribute. The provision of a physical fitness program will help solve the problems encountered accountability (Karsh & Fox, 2009). Obesity and overweight concerns affect the way of life of the people. Most of the elderly people in the area suffer obesity related problems like hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. They spend much of their income seeking health care, which majority cannot afford. The teenagers who are suffering from overweight related issues face a lot of stigmas in a social gathering and at school. Many people taunt and poke obese people to make fun of them. They cannot perform a similar task as other people can. This causes mental and emotional problems to the children and result to poor performance especially in school. Obesity is associated with an unproductive life creating a lot of fear and anxiety to the victims. The psychological trauma that the people face makes them live with a lot of fear and

Lean Principles and Applications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Lean Principles and Applications - Essay Example Principles of lean evolved in the above context. â€Å"LEAN IS†¦ A mindset, or way of thinking, with a commitment to achieve a totally waste-free operation that’s focused on your customer’s success†¦.† (Principles of Lean Thinking, 2004, p.2). Lean principles can be illustrated as follows: (Principles Of Lean, 2009) Wrap-it Company manufactures and distributes plastic wrapping machines for industrial use, selling them within the UK and the near continent. Automatic stretch wrappers, shrink wrap tunnels and straddle wrappers are some of the wrapping materials produced by Wrap-it Company. Value identification is the first step of implementing lean principles in an organization. Value identification process should â€Å"Specify value from the standpoint to the end customer by product family† (Principles Of Lean, 2009). There is no point in packing certain materials in good condition at the packing units if the packing fails during transit or while r eaching the customer. The risks involved during transit should be reduced as much as possible which is the duty of an effective plastic wrapping system. If stretch wrapping fails to contain a load during transit, sustainability gains in primary packaging are instantly wiped out. Loads get to their destination with less risk – looking better than ever – with less tweaking and hassle – with up to 30% less film – and at an overall lower net cost (lantech.com, 2012 ) It should be noted that accumulation of plastic is causing huge problems to the environment. Under such circumstances, it is the duty of Wrap-it Company to produce only environmental friendly or biodegradable plastic wrapping materials as part of value creation in the market. Current consumers are giving more importance to socially committed companies and hence environmental friendly plastic wrapping material production may definitely increase the reputation of the company in the market. In short wrap it management should think in terms of restructuring the whole operations inside the company to increase the value of the company in domestic and international market. Mapping of the value stream is the second step in implementing lean principles. Plenty of unnecessary processes and operations are going on in most of the organizations like Wrap-it Company. Processes which brought enormous value in the past would be useless at present because of the advancements in technology and changes in the business world. For example, the entry of computers brought huge changes in the organizational world. There are plenty of organizations which keep typewriters even now. Same way, many organizations have the habit of relying on less efficient manual work when more efficient machineries are available for certain jobs. It is necessary for Warp it Company to â€Å"Identify all the steps in the value stream for each product family, eliminating whenever possible those steps that do not create value† (Principles Of Lean, 2009). Creating flow is the third step in implementing lean principles. Value creation should be done in all departments simultaneously so that the end product will flow smoothly towards the customer or destination. It should be noted that plenty of departments were involved in the production and delivery of certain goods. If any of the departments involved in the production and delivery system fails to operate properly, value created at the top level may not flow properly towards the bottom level. Imagine a company is producing high quality goods. If these products

Hotel Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hotel Marketing - Case Study Example PDR Hotels and Resorts is a world-renowned travel destination for many tourists around the world. Being a luxury hotel usually known to be situated in primary areas of every location where they are situated in, PDR Hotels and Resorts hold a strong sense of market control in terms of attracting travelers to book in their facilities found mainly in the United Kingdom, Dublin, Paris, New York, Moscow, Dubai, Singapore, India and the USA. Being well-distributed around the globe, PDR Hotels and Resorts already hold a strong and unbreakable reputation in the field of travel and tourism operations. However, as the market also changes the level of their demands from the said industry, PDR administration decides to go beyond the usual and traditional culture adapted by the organization in terms of locating their branches. Recently, the administration decides to buy a property located at the outskirts of a city. Hotel Mortloch is an old yet operating hotel that used to be recognized as a major destination for royalties during the time of its peak operations. Today though, the owners of the facility simply had other priorities to actually focus on the development of the area. Hence, PDR administration decides to take on the responsibility of reviving the reputation of the Mortloch hotel through buying the property and making it a part of their worldwide chain of operating hotels and resorts. However, approaching the need to market this particular new facility may not be as easy as 123, it should be observed. that unlike other PDR branches, this is located far from the center of the city. Besides that it has old facilities, major renovation needs to be done so as to mix the facilities of the hotel with that of the traditional appearance of PDR buildings around the

Toyotas Operational and Industry Environment

Toyotas Operational and Industry Environment In order to analyse the Toyotas operational and industry environment and its competitive position in the auto mobile market, there some appropriate strategic tools are using in this paper. Such as the SWOT model , Porters Generic strategy and Ansoff matrix. The SWOT model analyses the companies internal and external strengths with opportunities as the factors of the companys success in the competitive market. And also this model analyses the companies weaknesses with threats for its fluctuation of sales. Generic strategy refers to analyse the companys strategic choice with in the competitive rivalry. In addition Ansoff matrix also analyse how Toyota uses appropriate strategies to be as the world leader in the car manufacturing and sales of subsidiaries. Toyotas competitors such as the Ford Motor company, General Motors and Honda Motor Corp, who concern to decide the companies market position in the market. During the periods these all companies are different position in the auto market. As the leader of the auto manufacture Toyota Motor Corp Ltd adapts the management corporate philosophy which is meant that Toyota Way including Toyota Production system(TPS), and as the Lean production. The companys corporate philosophy decide the long term competitive advantages. The elements of TPS are Just In Time(JIT), Jidoka(quality improvement) and Kaizen. In addition, Toyotas Total Quality Management(TQM), which is correlated with TPS, is also the most important system to catch the market share in the rival. These systems are adapting in the production line to product the plants efficiently with the combination of the low cost and high quality. This opportunity seeks the best in the global auto market. And also the supply chain management too is as a supporting hand for the company. These all will be briefly discussed in this paper. At the end of this paper, it is analysed that how the elements of Generic strategy such as cost leader, differentiation and focus and Toyotas operational systems are functioning together to get best competitive position within the competitors world wide. With that, Ansoff matrix will be analysed by its elements such as market penetration, product development, market development and diversification regarding the companys performance and competitive position. INTRODUCTION: The Toyota Motor Co. Ltd was founded in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda, as a one of the worlds leading manufacturers. It has become the world Largest, and most profitable car maker . During the Second World War, the company produced trucks for the Japanese Army. Unlikely ,the companys factory in Aichi was bombed down by the enemies before war ended.ÂÂ   After the war ended ,Toyotas production of cars commercially began with the SA model in 1947. In 1957, the Toyota Crown was exported to the USA as the first time. It announced its arrival to British in1957.After 1960s the company started to spread its operations world wide. Toyota entered into an alliance with Daihatsu and Hino Motors. Its Compacts, produced smaller and fuel efficiently from the start.ÂÂ   Names of few of the popular Toyota vehicles are Toyota Prius, Camry, Lexus, Toyota Tundra, Toyota Tundra Double Cab and Corolla (http://www.swot-pest-porter.com). In the early 1970s, the companys production was behind of Ford Motor and GM, but in 1974, Toyota Corolla got largest place in world car selling. And, after ten year Toyota was in second to GM in the market(www.nytimes.com) .Now it is the third largest manufacturer in the global automobile market by sales which is producing more than 5.5 million vehicles per year(www.conceptcarz.com). LIMITATIONS AND CONSTRAINS: In my point of view the time is the important problem to analyse the companys operational and industry and their competitive position within it. There are lots of resources available for this analysis, however ,it is difficult to understand and recognise the very relevant resources from the pool of them. COMPETITORS OF THE TOYOTA. In the global auto market Toyotas strategic position is very strong than other competitors. It is clear that the Ford Motor , GM and Honda Motors are the main competitors in the market. Among these, Toyota was the third largest automaker in the world. Along with GM, when the Japanese automakers sales in U.S had gone into a decline, Ford took attention on Toyota customers with great offers at the January 2010. In February 2010, Ford over took GM to be the number 1 seller in the U.S as the first time since 1998. But ,Honda Motor co didnt follow its rivals at targeting Toyota customers , this is why its sales drop by 5% in 2010 (www.reuters.com). In 2009, while GM had 20% and ford had 16% , Toyota had 17% of the market share in U.S( www.reuters.com ). Especially, the companys operational system such as the TPS, TQM and the Toyota Way add real value to the companys business which is as the different management style. This value adding procedure is giving a unique strategic position in the market. For example, Toyota Prius is a enormous value and it is a commitment to green products green innovation. Toyotas project management makes sure that the projects and goals are aligned with the added values of the company and core competencies. The reason for the project manager of Toyota is the understanding the importance of competencies and core values with the need of working together. And , project manager should give efforts and best thoughts towards develop its attributers and remained focused on business goals.(http://svprojectmanagement.com). THE PILLARS OF THE TOYOTAS SUCCESS AND COMPITITIVE ADVANTAGES: Toyotas operational systems are its pillars of the success in the industry wise. They are, Toyota Way. Toyota Production System(TPS). Total Quality Management(TQM). Toyota Supply chain. Actually the Toyota way and TPS have been part of how Toyota has developed its supply chain. TPS has been part of how Toyota has developed its supply chain principles effectively towards best performance with suppliers, dealers and manufactures. These concepts work together to add value to the production line of Toyota. THE TOYOTA WAY. Toyota Way and Toyota Production System are the different concepts, but its 14 principles are giving a corporate philosophy by using Toyota Production System (TPS), which is a systematic and highly developed example of Toyota Way. Toyota Way is the culture and also a set of efficiency and improvement techniques, and also it is called that the companys managerial philosophy. Its 14 principles are categorised into four categories. Long-Term Philosophy. Toyotas philosophy of empowering its workers is the core of human resource management system. It brings employee loyalty and improves creativity and innovation by motivating employee participation. The Right Process Will Produce the Right Results. Adding value to the Organization by Developing the People and Partner Continuously Solving Root Problems Drives Organizational Learning With 14 principles of Toyota Way, another 4 high level principles such as Genchi Genbutsu, Kaizen, Respect and Team work and Challenge are correlated with each other. Thorough learning and kaizen , Toyota has managed to grow and achieve its goals. Kaizen is a Japanese term means that change betterments it focused on improving the quality and the efficiency of the Toyotas production line. Through Kaizen the members have given gift certificates instead of money. The philosophy of Toyota Way is passing down from generation to generation(http://www2.toyota.co.jp). TOYOTA PRODUCTION SYSTEM (TPS). Sources; http://www.1tech.eu TPS is the way of companys successful globally, which was introduced by Taiichi Ohno. Corporate philosophy is the basic of its success in the global market. TPS presences high standards of products this is why the company easily penetrate the markets world wide. And also Toyotas work place morale and job satisfaction are producing reliable and high-quality products at reasonable prices. Many of the success of Toyota concern with high performance of human resources and supply chain management. JIT productivity improvement. Kanban system manages the JIT production system and it supports by each of the previous steps. Generally, the JIT means that what is needed, when it is needed, and in the amount needed. By using this concept, Toyota produces quality products by elimination of waste and avoiding the un reasonable requirements in the line production. Under this system, the ways of achieving productivity improvement are Providing a production instrument to the production line as soon as possible, when a order for vehicle is received,. Stocking few numbers of all part for assembly line Proceeding process stocking proceeding process of all parts. Jidoka- highlighting of problem. Under this concept the quality is consider by Stopping machine safely on its own when complete a normal process and also when meet any quality problem. communicating via the Andon (problem display board) when machine automatically stop. Because of this operator can continue at another machine. This will lead to a greater processing capacity. Eliminating waste: TPS works mainly with the internal in next stage in the production line and external customer perspectives which is considering and separate the value added steps from the non value added steps. According to Jeffery K. Liker , 8 categories of waste are eliminating in the TPS such as over production, waiting time, unessential movement and transport, over inventory and so on. The head of Toyota manufacturing divided the waste was eliminated in this system by JIT and Autorotation in the production line to add value(http://people.brunel.ac.uk). The concept of respect takes responsibility to build trust each other in the TPS and the concept of team work encourage employees to achieve growth and performance by contributing the opportunities of development in the Toyotas production line to add value. Actually, the Toyota Production System has been a roaring success at Toyota, but much less effective in other locations in many conditions. Total Quality Management (TQM): TQM is a management system adapting by Toyota in the production line to add value of its products. This is the greatest strategy following only by Toyota successfully within the larger auto makers. Indeed, The TQM is based on the quality of the product with the commitments of the all members towards the long term success of the company.TQM works through a combination of the customer satisfaction and welfare of the society. At the end, the result is the high quality and low cost add value for the product in the TPS. GENERIC STRATEGY AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES. Porters Generic strategy, seeking competitive advantage on Toyota, is defined as the basis on which a strategy business unit (SBU) might achieve or counter competitive advantage in its market. According to the cost leader ship strategy, Toyota reduced its cost at every element of the value chain. Toyota is the good example of an organization for producing quality cars at low price with brand and marketing skills to use a premium pricing policy. The companys JIT attempt to manufacture with an absolute minimum of inventory, in a shortened lead time. This feature support the companys manufacturing cost in production line. Jidoka supports to reduce the cost in production line by highlighting the problem before occur. And also TQM of the Toyota is supporting in reducing the cost how with the minimum input and maximum out put with in a sort lead time. Toyota is manufacturing its products for the market where what is needed and what is suitable. Its mean that the company adapts the differentiation strategy well than other competitors. When it offer totally different from other rivals , this is why the companys products aim on value with less price and which creates higher price and higher profit to the company. Hybrid Prius is the pertinent evident of differentiation in the rival. Further more, Toyota offers high quality and luxury brand cars in Japan, Europe and U.S( like Lexus ), the company is selling minivans and trucks in China, Brazil and South Asian markets, where the products of the Toyota are totally different than other major competitors. The thing is that even though, additional costs occur pursuing differentiation, and it is managed by increased revenue generated by the sales. In the view of application of generic strategy with JIT, in which the production line is able to producing many varieties of products in response according to the changing customer demand in the market. It means the company uses the JIT production to differentiate its product in the market. And also TQM helps in Toyotas differentiation strategy, how the companys products with high qualification could easily differentiate among other competitors. By adapting focused differentiation strategy, Toyota first introduced a brand, Scion, specifically for young buyers in January, 2003 which was a great success with that introduced hybrids in 1997 selling 127000 more than Honda. (http://ezinearticles.com). This strategy support to compete with other competitors in similar segments and to get competitive advantages. JIT production and TQM support also in focused differentiation strategy. For example, when the company identifying specific market segmentation wised to buy a specific vehicle, JIT production gives that particular product to that targeting market segment. THE APPLICATION OF THE ANSOFF MATRIX IN TOYOTA: Market penetration: Toyota penetrated easily and successfully world wide comparatively than other large manufacturers in building plants and sales the subsidiaries. Toyotas first advantage of market penetration is presentation of strategic markets. For instance, it penetrated successfully in Asia, Europe and US. Whereas, its market rivals such as Ford and GM influence in only U.S and Europe. Toyota Motor Corp holds its foot in China and India to get competitive advantages heavily. By adapting this strategy, it manages the unexpected fluctuations for the markets of its products. Product development: One of the key to the success in the car market is new models which increase the demand and loyalty for the companys brand. Toyota has huge reputation for producing few cars with fuel efficient and good performance. And, Toyota has enhanced to meet government requirements specially for reducing the hybrid fuel. A remarkable point is that Toyota was the first car manufacturer to market hybrid fuels, with the introduction of the Prius model in the market (www.reuters .com) 2010 Toyota Prius is the best example of the product development. The third generation Prius is bigger and more powerful than the previous version, but it will become in the United States as the only vehicle that offers combined mileage greater than miles per gallon (http://reviews.cnet.co.uk). But the latest Prius is 70Kg heavier than its predecessor, and this is largely down to the amount of new technology inside. Market development: Toyota Company sells its products in 70 countries world wide. In order to maximize the profit, it seeks new market with existing products. For example, China and South East Asia ere the new markets where the company sells its vehicles. Diversification: By adapting this strategy, Toyota seeks new products into new markets. While getting any troubles by the competitors in existing market with existing products, it is the pertinent strategy for its growth. The company emerges in China and South East Asia where targeting a 2012 launch and a piece under 1 million Yen. (www.reuters .com) and also one of the Toyotas Mini vehicle unit which is Daihatsu Motor co(7262.T) is developing a small car for emerging market such as South East Asia, and may sell them under the Toyota brand the Chunichi newspaper said(www.reuters.com). The Compact car will be based on its vision and Yaris subcompact models in the new markets. In addition, these two models and a new set of entry level cars are announced for India, Brazil and China by Toyota. To develop the sales in emerging markets the company maintains a three layered approach. However, Toyota has relatively small market share in India, Brazil and other emerging markets. This is indicating the limitat ions of its market development (www.reuters.com). Toyota gets a best strategic position in the competitive market by applying these strategies properly than other competitors. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: As above, the third largest auto maker Toyota is a successful company in the auto makers. The factors of the companys success and its best competitive position in the competitive revalry, are its internal strengths and external opportunities. Even though, it is as the world leader in the auto market, it faces some problems as its own weaknesses and the threats from other competitors and from the outside. These factors are analysed by using SWOT analysis in the appendix. In addition, the companys main competitors compete with it heavily during the years such as Ford, GM, and Honda. However, Toyota Motor Corporation is in a much strengthened strategic position in the auto market. There are some details describe the companys achievements among the competitors in the appendix. The Toyota Motor Corporation achieves its competitive advantages by using the best operational systems in the industry such as the Toyota Way, TPS known as the Lean production and TQM in its production line. Porter s Generic strategy analyse the companys strategic position in the market with the correlation of those operational systems toward the competitive advantages. And also Toyotas supply chain management is reflecting its uniqueness in the global market which is noted in the appendix. At the end, the Ansoff matrix describe the companys current position by market penetration, market development product development and diversification strategies. In my point of view, Toyota Motor Corporation still is the world leader of the car makers. But in 2008 and 2009, it faced decline in its sales by few problems. However, the president of the company Akio Toyoda who and the every level employees of the company commit their whole life over take these problems. I suppose that, in future it will be the number one auto maker in the global car manufacturer with the attention of over taking particular quality problem for preventing the quality problem by using its the world greatest strategic operational choices in the industry. APPENDIXES: 1. TOTAL SALES OF THE TOYOTA AND ITS COMPETITORS: COMPANIES VOLUME MAY 09 MAY 08 DSR DSR5/09 DSR5/08 GM -29.555 191,875 272,363 -26.84% 7380 10,088 Ford -24.25% 161,531 213,238 -21.373% 6,213 7,898 Toyota -40.72% 152,583 257,406 -38.44% 5,869 9,534 Honda America -41.46% 98,394 167,997 -39.21% 3,782 6,222 Chrysler Group -46.88% 79,010 148,747 -44.84% 3,039 5,509 Nissan NA -33.10% 67,4874 100,874 -30.52% 2,596 3,736 BMW Group -27.65% 22,993 31,781 -24.87% 884 1,177 *The daily selling rate (DSR) is calculated with 26 days for May 2009 and 27 for May 2008. Source: http://www.autoblog.com/2009/06/02/by-the-numbers-may-2009-gm-and-ford-surprise-edition/ TOYOTAS INDUSTRY RANK AT IMPORTANT ATTRIBUTES. ATTRIBUTES INDUSTRY RANK Innovation 3 People management 3 Used of corporate assets 2 Social responsibility 1 Quality of management 2 Financial soundness 1 Long term investment 2 Quality of products /services 2 Global competencies 2 Source: http://money.cnn.com 3. WORLDS TOP 10 AUTO GROUPS BY 2009 H1 SALES. RANK COMPANY SALES(US $ Millions) 1 Toyota Motor Corp 3.564 2 General Motor Co 3.553 3 Volkswagen AG 3.265 4 Hyundai Mo. Co 2.153 5 Ford Motor Co 2.115 6 P S A Peugeot Citroen 1.587 7 Honda Motor Co 1.586 8 Nissan Motor Co 1.546 9 Suzuki Motor Corp 1.15 10 Renault SA 1.107 Source: www.reuters.com 4. THE SWOT OF TOYOTA Strengths and Opportunities; Toyotas Just in Time (JIT) allows the production system to produce vehicles efficiently and quickly, one at a time, which is great quality and provide satisfaction to consumers. And ,the company has a major strength which is Toyotas Production System(TPS) prevent waste and therefore reduces the amount of energy, raw materials and other resources used, this is making it towards sustainability(www.toyota.eu). Toyota is a best profit maker in the market. This is because, rising up of the share price of Toyota. For example, Toyotas stock market value is approximately 30% of the value of the global car market. If we combined the profits of all global car makers, Toyota would account for about one third. And other all Japanese car makers would account for another third. Only the rest final third, would be accounted by all European, North American and other Asian car makers together. (http://www.marketingteacher.com). Another reason for its climbed up to the top is beyond loyalty. Toyotas life long learning by Kaizen and improvement management systems makes best decisions. Japanese companies, specially, Toyota is excellent in particular areas as the strengths its self. Such as Elimination of waste and cost cutting. A culture rooted in manufacturing. Fast, disciplined product development cycles. Consistence and relentless Toyotas managers always knows that where they want to be five years from now and are working at getting there. Toyotas innovation and creativity is a major opportunity. Companys commercial mass produced hybrid gas and electric vehicles are creating more opportunities in the competitive markets. Prius is the pertinent example for these advance technology adaptation of Toyota. It based on advanced hybrid technology and R+D activity. This investment and Toyotas wide range of product portfolio support customers for alternative sources of fuel away from gas guzzling cars. Another example of innovation is that Toyota Sienna is planned to join the hybrid line up by 2010 (www.brandchannel.com) Toyota mostly attracts the youth market by its segmentation. As Pedro Pacheco(spokes person for Toyota Europe) said, The urban youth segment is attractive to us because it can success fully influence the whole of youth sector, and it allows to attract customers to the brand at an earlier stage (www.brandchannel.com). Toyota like these customers to grow by providing products as their like. This is a big opportunity of establishing a life lasting relation ship. Toyota taking heart the customer feedback it has received, together with its suppliers, dealers and its world wide employees, its commitment is on its products and services and also its commitment to the customer first. This feature is giving many opportunities to Toyota world wide. Toyotas continuous global expansion also brings opportunities to it. Practically, Toyota has its factories in all continents and its vehicles are made up in different countries. Remarkably, for recent years the company emerged in third world countries and it is getting possible opportunities. And it tends for the localisation of the production using their situation in different countries as the suppliers of the production local market. This result of globalization is making many opportunities for the company. Weaknesses Threats Almost every problem creates a need for inventory, which is one of the largest wastes. This is really a reflection of ineffectiveness. Because every manufactures should need to make sure that their models consumers want or not and conditions of those markets. These may be the reasons of putting attention on emerging market heavily. Toyotas production needs a huge investment with high fixed cost and cost of labour. This may allow to face problems like over capacity or under capacity if occur any upturn or downturn. The main problem is that the companys products are too expensive for its emerging markets, when other competitors like Tata Motors (TM) produce reasonably cheaper cars. The movements of the exchange rates make narrow margins in the market of its sales. For example, in 2009, Toyotas chairman said that the strong appreciation of the Yen against the Dollar and Euro and the rising cost of raw materials made losses in Toyotas sale (www.glgroup.com). The demand for larger cars decreased while increasing the demand for small cars by changing the life style nowadays. This is also a challenge for Toyota. According to the increasing expenses, the consumer usage of cars is decreasing. This factor reduces the demand of cars in the market as well as the high price Toyotas cars. Businesses operate their operations with fewer fuels by the technology improvements. For instances, Europe governments are encouraging more alternatives for transport, which is reducing the demand for new cars (www.businessteacher.org.uk). These all factors are the threats for Toyota. 5. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT OF TOYOTA: Toyota has coordinated the plans across the supply chain and has executed them efficiently. It is the ultimate way in which Toyota has built its superior efficiency in operations. Its effective performance is estimated by the process and their results. This process aims to create a balance between the supply chain parameters. Components of Supply chain management. Variety of products. Velocity of product flow. Variability of out comes against fore cast. Visibility of process to enable learning. (http://www.mhprofessional.com/product.php?isbn=0071615490) The variety represents an extremely important design selection of supply chain which has an effect on the participants of the supply chain. When choosing variety, there is a need to have feed back to make sure that it is suitable to represent for the market situation. Velocity has clearly shown in the Toyotas supply chain. It allows doing the procedures at the same time throughout the system. By reducing the variability orders, supply chain will need low level of inventory. It also support for the high quality and cost reduction across the supply chain. These three concepts of supply chain management influence on the stable of supply chain of Toyota. However, Toyotas supply chain ran too hot, which means, working with a lot of unfamiliar suppliers. They didnt have proper understanding of Toyotas culture. The majority of the problems of the company concern with this problem. The Toyota Way and TPS have given them the competitive advantages on a global scale. Most of these advantages are gained through a combination of the arrangement of the human resources policies and their highly efficient global network of the suppliers and manufactures. According to the TPS Toyota maintain the quality of the product while reducing the cost and eliminating the waste efficiently. Through these techniques Toyota is able to develop competitive advantage in their manufacturing and sales. Toyota considers that the workers are at the centre of the process of continuous improvement and that their creativity leads to innovation, to improve the loyalty and morale in the work place. At the end, when the job satisfaction is high, there is a greater likelihood that reliable and high quality products can be offered at an affordable price. So the low cost and high quality of the products create high demand for Toyotas products in the competitive market. REFERENCES: Kae Inoue, Toyotas President Takes over Amid U.S. Slump, [Online], Available: www.bloomberg.com, ( June 23, 2009). GM, Toyota, Ford add sales as incentives Buoy Rough market, [Online], Available: www.businessweek.com,( April, 2010). Operational agility at Toyota, [Online], Available: http://blogs.ft.com, (January 27, 2010). Toyota, Nissan Vow to do Better; Green Cars Key, [Online], Available: www.retures.com, (June23, 2009). Toyota will reduce Hybrid Cars prices, [Online], Available: www.inrumor.com, (January 17 ,2010). Porter, M., Generic Strategies, [Online], Available: www.marketteacher.com,( 1980) . Edwards Deming, W., Total Quality Management, [Online], Available: www.1000advices.com. Strategic Analysis of Toyota, [Online], Available: http://ivythesis.typespad.com (August 03,2004). Jeffrey K. Liker., The Toyota Way:14 management principles from the worlds greatest manufacturer, [Online], Available: http://books.google.co.uk, (August 03 2009). Vision and Philosophy: Toyota Production System [Online], Available: http://www2.toyota.co.tp. Taylor, A., Toyotas new man at the wheel, [Online], Available: http;//money.cnn.com, (June 26, 2009). Toyota working on new car for emerging markets, [Online], Available http://www.teuters.com ,(July 29,2010). Despite Toyota is still launched in emerging Markets, [Online], Available: www.allbusiness.com (February 21, 2011). Toyota Prius,[Online], Available: www.brandchannel.com. Core competency of Toyota, [Online], Available: http://svprojectmanagement.com, (Feb, 2010) Toyota invest in 1Techs process engineering expertise, [Online], Available: www.1Tech.eu.

Simple Harmonic Motion Essay -- essays research papers

OBJECT:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The objective of this lab is to obtain the spring constant by using the simple harmonic motion of the spring-mass system. Once the spring constant is obtained it is to be compared to the spring constant obtained by Hooke’s Law. PROCEDURE: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using a meter stick measure the distance from the attached point of the spring to the end of the spring, at this time there is to be no mass on the spring. Once this measurement is obtained the elongations can be calculated by subtracting the new measurements from this first measurement. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Add a weight to the spring and record the distance. The new distance is to be subtracted from the first distance. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using the same weight pull the mass down an additional 20cm. Once the spring is elongated it is to be let go. When the spring is released from it’s elongated position the stopwatch is started. Once the spring has returned to it’s original starting position 25 times the timer is to be stopped and the time is recorded. Once two times are taken for every weight increment they are to be averaged together. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Steps 2 and 3 are to be repeated eight times using a new weight each time. 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When all eight trials are done the spring is to be weighed and recorded. SAMPLE CALCULATIONS Mass used in each trial, in kilograms: - 50 g / 1000 g = 0.05 kg Elongation...

Marquis M. Converse

Marquis M. Converse is an entrepreneur, founder of Converse. About Converse Converse origins of the company date back to 1908 when Marquis M. Converse opened the factory in Massachusetts called Converse Rubber Shoe Company. The factory initially produced only rubber soles for all types of footwear since 1915, however, focused on the production of tennis shoes from her and moved smoothly to produce shoes for basketball. And here starts writing legend. Year 1917, the year he saw the light of day Converse All-Star.Unbelievably innovator shoes that brought in, at that time, a relatively young sport – basketball, lots of new features and ideas. , four years later, the company made a brilliant move Converse, employs basketball player Chuck Taylor All-Star who wore as her favorite shoes. In addition, players is becoming a trader company Converse and brand design. On all models Converse – Chuck Taylor All-Stars appears his signature sneakers ever confirms a legend. Connection and Converse Chuck Taylor sneakers in the world became indivisible.Converse as one of the first manufacturers in the world and sneakers Chuck Taylor as a basketball superstar of his time. Present Converse Conversky most famous are forever All-Stars, but the list of models of this brand does not end. Became less popular as basketball shoes from 1986 that bear the name The Weapon. The model also underwent Weapon reissue, the first in 2002, when they came to the ceremony itself Teen Choice Awards Kobe Bryant and the other in 2003 under the name The Loaded Weapon. All models from Converse is produced for years in a wide variety of colors and finishes.Converse was one of the first trainers in the world and certainly will not be the last. At least take care of it, Nike, Converse brand that already own some that Friday. Chuck Taylor All Star – (also known as â€Å"Chucks†, â€Å"Cons†, â€Å"Conies†) are shoes of 20 century that it all began. The original canvas and rubber boots classic Chuck Taylor All Star is the idol of America, which has sold over 750 million pairs in 144 countries Converse Sports Lifestyle – footwear is designed to be worn on the street, in clubs and schools.The different shapes are inspired by the urban youth skate shoes and white leather shoes that are clear leaders in the field of urban fashion. Inextricably linked with the history and heritage of Converse shoes are developed for life outside playground and playing field. Converse One Star – are popular with skateboarding and surfing community as retro, alternative lifestyle that represents originality and individuality.One Star shoes, created in 1970, triggered the era of wearing shoes for all styles of so-called â€Å"India† athletes, individuals whose lifestyle and sport go hand in hand with creativity, imagination and sebevyjadrenim. Converse Performance Basketball – a new class of footwear was designed to play on the playground and in the halls with an emphasis on comfort, protection and style. With the same simple and characteristics as their predecessors have shoes Converse features a new generation of advanced technology, functional design and original style which allows players to peak performance and presentation skills.

The Flea Vs To His Coy Mistress Essays - The Flea, Free Essays

The Flea Vs To His Coy Mistress Essays - The Flea, Free Essays The Flea Vs To His Coy Mistress Seduction has been the game most played through out the centuries, as males attempt to convince and invite females into their beds. In Marvell's To His Coy Mistress and Donne's The Flea, the speakers, propose a peccadilloes offer, which is so cunningly backed up by a liberalistic argument and is presented to each female when the generous request has been declined. These arguments are designed to induce thoughts of a carnal nature. The persuasions used by each are completely different but are structured entirely for one purpose. To corner or trick the maiden into saying Yes. Though both arguements are supurb, Marvell's has a nicer, refined style to it. In To His Coy Mistress and The Flea, there is an exemplification of just how crafty men can be during the hunt. The speakers, in both poems, makes a modest but declinable offer for sex to their maiden of choice. And, upon rejection, each male begins a fluent yet rhetoric arguments on why the maiden should accept his simple offer of passion. For Marvell, the argument was that there wasn't enough time left in the world, and that the maiden should partake in indulgence before it is too late. But at my back I always hear/ Times winged Charriot hurrying near(lines 21-22). He also states the unpleasuarble thought of the worms enjoying her verginity instead of him. Suggesting that if she continues to waste time she will die a virgin. then Worms shall try/ that long preserv'd Virginity:(lines 27-28). Whereas Donne's argument revolves around a metaphorical flea. Which as claimed by the speaker, represents his union with the maiden in matrimony, since the flea has taken blood from them both.It suck'd me first and now sucks thee/And in this flea our two bloods mingled be(lines 3-4). And, since their bloods have already mingled together, intercourse with him wouldn't be a sin and no honor would be lost if she yields to him.Though know'st that this cannot be said/A sin nor shame nor loss of maidenhood: (lines 5-6) Though however similar the gist of the poems might be, the art of seduction used by each speaker is quite different. The speaker in To His Coy Mistress seems to change his tone of persuasion rapidly from stanza to stanza. At first he is sweet, comming across as a gentleman and overstating how many ages he would spent on a single part of her anatomy A hundred years should go to praise/Thine Eyes..Two hundred to adore each breast (lines14-15). Then he dramatically changes to say that the worms will take her in her grave and that she will loose her beauty and die. In The Flea, the speaker tries to convince the maiden that they are one, since the flea has sucked both their blood and if she were to kill the flea, she would commit three sins by taking three lives, refering to his, hers, and the flea.And sacrilege three sins in killing three(line18). This speaker is however quick on his feet and very slick. The maiden kills the flea, proving his convivtions to be false. He responds however, by telling her that she suffers from false fears, because if she looses her virginity to him, she still has her honor. Just so much honor when thou yield'st to me/Will waste as this fleas death took life from thee(lines 26-27). These two unique poems containing their differences but over all more similarities are entertaining pieces for any reader to view and listen to the cunning speaker attempting to get his maiden.

The R in Colonel

The R in Colonel The R in Colonel The R in Colonel By Maeve Maddox A reader comments, I’ve often wondered where the â€Å"r† sound came from in colonel. I’m certain, in the original French, both Ls were pronounced as Ls–what happened? Colonel is the spelling in modern French, but when the word entered English in the 16th century, the French were spelling it coronel or coronnel. The first â€Å"l† had become an â€Å"r† sound by way of dissimilation. dissimilation:   a. Philology. The differentiation of two similar or identical sounds occurring near each other in a word, by change of one of them. An example is Latin peregrinus, which became pelegrino in Italian. Dissimilation is also at work in the way many speakers pronounce February as FEB-yoo-ER-ee. (A pronunciation, by the way, that Charles Elster finds â€Å"beastly.†) Colonel derives from Latin columella, â€Å"a little column.† At some point, the first â€Å"l† became an â€Å"r,† and the word became established in French as coronel. The coronel was the officer who led the â€Å"little column† of troops at the head of a regiment. By the end of the 16th century, the more etymologically correct spelling colonnel displaced coronel in French literary use. The spelling colonel appeared in English about 1580. For a time, both spellings existed side by side in English; the coronel spelling prevailed in writing until 1630, but by 1650, colonel had pushed out coronel. The pronunciation of colonel also went through changes. In the 17th century, colonel was trisyllabic in English, as it still is in French. By 1669, it began to be pronounced with two syllables, â€Å"col’nel.† Apparently many speakers were also pronouncing it as â€Å"ker’nel,† because that is the pronunciation that has survived. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†Round vs. AroundWord Count and Book Length

History Discussion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

History Discussion - Research Paper Example It also looks at how Alexander Hamilton’s policies wanted to use the wealthy, manufacturers and the US National Bank to turn around the economy that was affected by a series of civil revolutions; as well as why his proposals were criticized. Finally, it discusses the impacts of his policies. Top of Form Alexander Hamilton was the first treasury secretary of the United States government headed by President Washington (Swanson, 43). When he was appointed the treasury secretary, the United States government was facing hard economic times following the American revolutions. The government was faced with huge debts, inflation and the majority of economic sectors seemed to be doing badly. It is then that President Washington tasked Alexander Hamilton with the duty of stabilizing the United States economy. Alexander Hamilton was to come up with fiscal policies that would revive the economy of the federal government. He advocated for modern capitalism to turn around the United States economy (Hansen, 166). In his first steps, towards reviving the economy, Hamilton proposed the chartering of the first United States National Bank. The bank’s mandate was assisting the government in coming up with monetary and financial solutions, serving as the main depository arm of the federal government as well as regulating state banks. He also recommended that the outstanding Confederation Debt be funded at face value. The paying of these outstanding state debts would ensure stability and commitment of the government in restoring its economy. To finance the paying off debts, Hamilton proposed an issue of new bonds to investors who would gain profits when the government was able to pat the new bonds (Swanson, 43). In his approach to financial and monetary policies, Hamilton targeted the wealthy individuals within the US. He wanted to align the business class, manufacturers, creditors and all the wealth with the federal

Pyramids Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pyramids - Essay Example Egypt is one of the countries that witnessed civilization in the early period. The pyramid in Egypt demonstrated progress in science, mathematics, and technology in the past. At this period, human society was considered to have little or no progress. The construction of the pyramids is not well documented, but it is believed to have taken many years to complete (Morris 97). It is also believed that the Hebrews did the initial work. The largest of these pyramids, the great pyramid contains more than 2 million limestone blocks put together to form an iconic structure. The pyramid rises from a rectangular base and is the size of nearly eight football fields and slopes at an uniform angle of 51 degrees to meet at a peak more than 4500 feet above the base. The technology that assisted this construction remains a great mystery. The most marveling thing was the calculation and ability to construct a structure that weighed more than six tones (Allen 313). The precursors of the pyramids are believed to be the mastabas, flat-roofed structures carved from rock that were used as royal tombs. These tombs were developed to keep the embalmed bodies of kings and rulers of the empire (Allen 313). With time, the mastabas were improved with mud bricks and raised to become shrines for the communities. What followed was the replacement of the mud bricks with curved limestone layers, and a height of 204 feet was first achieved. Architect Imhotep, who was also priest and healer, is accredited with the idea and calculations involved in the construction (Watson 245). Pyramids are also said to have been built as tombs for the kings and pharaohs. The size of the pyramids depended on how the leaders were revered in the society. It is said that construction begun upon accent of leader in power and continued to be built in the reign of the leader. Therefore, the size of the pyramid depended on the number of years one stayed in

Theological Language and Digital Media Research Paper

Theological Language and Digital Media - Research Paper Example This essay is about the relationship between theology and the digital media. More specifically, this essay discusses how theological ideas might better be communicated digitally. Thus, this essay includes a comprehensive analysis of the nature of theological language and the challenges they face in the 21st century, and how digital methods and tools could enhance communication of theology. Historical Overview Before discussing the contemporary relationship between theology and the media, it is important to take into consideration the influence of the codex book on current interpretations of theology. Throughout the history of Christianity, the codex Bible has been used not just as a book of narratives, insights, and guidelines but as the medium of mystical transformation and spiritual communication (Elwell 2011, 15). When Anthony Bernard learned Matthew 19:21 and surrendered all his material belongings to lead a Christian life, or when Agnes Ozman personified the declaration of gloss olalia, in every chapter, a person was changed spiritually by God’s divine utterance (Kling 2004, 311). The codex Bible has been a life-transforming testimony. The codex Bible is not only a life-transforming instrument but are reconstructed and revived in the historical and discursive practice. As a specific text evolves over time, it goes through different interpretations and relevance. For example, African Americans translated the exodus narrative into their own narrative-- first a narrative of emancipation from slavery, then eventually God’s salvation from all kinds of repression and abuse. In certain instances a text which is dead eventually becomes alive (Soukup, Buckley, & Robinson 2009, 3). For instance, Matt. 16:18-19, or also called the Petrine text, was dead for hundreds of years before it was summoned as an evidence of the pre-eminence of Rome’s bishop. A specific book of Scripture works to authorise what has already taken place or to strengthen the e xisting context of opinion. In certain instances, nevertheless, texts are clearly quoted to validate a current historical truth. For instance, the Petrine text embodies a â€Å"retreat from exegesis to later history,† (Fouracre 2005, 745) because it was quoted as the biblical evidence for the pre-eminence of Rome’s bishop. A developing field in the conversion of the Bible is the presentation of the codex book in digital formats. The theological language was a largely oral tradition wherein the readings were read vocally, normally in group contexts. Contemporary bibles are printed manuscripts (Waters 2006, 71). The technological world introduces the digital media or electronic formats. Books contend with digital technologies like computer, television, film, and so on. The digital world presents new media for the translation of the Bible. What is discussed here is the issue of actual translation, not merely the issue of how to create multimedia productions or films †˜adapted from’ the Bible. This relationship between digital media and ancient Bible translation perhaps clarify why several scholars of biblical media are particularly interested not just in the study of new media for translating and presenting the Bible but also in bringing back antique oral types of Bible presentation (Knauss & Ornella 2007, 116). This twofold interest is particularly apparent in the work of Thomas Boomershine—a widely renowned lecturer and author in the translation o

My interest in fashion Essay Example for Free

My interest in fashion Essay I have always been passionate about fashion. My interest in fashion led me to pursue my Bachelors in Fashion Design from Pearl Academy of Fashion in Delhi, affiliated to Nottingham Trent University in UK. I was one of the top students of my class and was given an award for the best portfolio of garments. During the course I got an opportunity for intern at Ritu garments. It was here that I developed a keen interest in Fashion Styling. After a lot of research, I found that Birmingham City University in UK was offering the course that best fit my requirements. My prime concern with any course I chose to undertake is that the programme should enable me to nurture my professional and technical skills alongside creative and conceptual initiatives through practical and theoretical assignments. I found MA in Fashion Styling in Birmingham City University to be the perfect course. I wish to handle wide spectrum of styling assignments from re-vamping a celebrity’s image or styling them accompanied by styling for magazine photo shoot and design campaign for it as well and in the future work towards being a successful Fashion stylist. I would like to have more in depth look at the rise of fashion stylist within the fashion industry and many different roles of fashion stylist today. I would also like to explore the fashion. To have hands on experience of working with professionals from the industry and to realize my ideas in an excelling way. I would like to challenge convention through the work I do in my project and break boundaries with flare. As a Fashion stylist I would like to be responsible for enhancing a product and bringing life to a photographer’s vision for layout in a magazine, music video and also deal in color and style coordination and placement of wardrobe. I would like to work on TV, films, ad agencies, fashion house, magazines as a fashion stylist. I have developed this knowledge and experience through my style of working while in my graduation and also my internship experience which enabled me to understand my zeal towards the field of fashion. Thus I would like to widen my horizons in these respective areas.

Halfords business analysis | Free essay | Management essays

Halfords business analysis | Free essay | Management essays Introduction Halfords is the UKs leading retailer, on the basis of turnover, in each of the key product markets in which it operates, being, car maintenance, car enhancement and leisure (including cycles and cycle accessories and roof boxes etc. Founded as a local hardware store in Birmingham in1892by F W Rushbrooke, Halfords has since grown to establish its position as the leading retailer of car parts, car enhancement, cycles and travel solutions in the UK. In this report the value of the company is evaluated on the basis of its current statutory accounts. In this report the alternative sources of finance available for the company are also discussed. The areas of corporate risk when raising finance, paying particular attention to funds available to the company are also discussed. Business valuation: A formal assessment of the value of a business using pre-determined and generally agreed upon formulas. Theres a range of ways to value a business. Valuations based on multiples of future earnings and the capitalisations of future cashflows are the most common. There are a number of common valuation methods: Asset based business valuation methods total up all the investments in the business. Asset-based business valuations can be done on a going concern or on a liquidation basis. Agoing concern asset-based approachdetermines the business net balance sheet value of its assets and subtracts the value of its liabilities. Aliquidation asset-based approachrepresents the net cash that would be received if all assets were sold and liabilities paid off. Earning value approaches Earning value business valuation methods are predicated on the idea that a businesss true value lies in its ability to produce wealth in the future. The most common earning value approach is about Capitalizing Past Earning. With this approach, a valuator determines an expected level of cash flow for the company using a companys record of past earnings, normalizes them for unusual revenue or expenses, and multiplies the expected normalized cash flows by a capitalization factor. The capitalization factor is a reflection of what rate of return a reasonable purchaser would expect on the investment, as well as a measure of the risk that the expected earnings will not be achieved. Discounted Future Earningsis another earning value approach to business valuation where instead of an average of past earnings, an average of the trend of predicted future earnings is used and divided by the capitalization factor. Market value approaches Market value approaches to business valuation attempt to establish the value of the business by comparing the business to similar businesses that have recently sold. Obviously, this method is only going to work well if there are a sufficient number of similar businesses to compare. Valuation of Halfords Using the Market Value approach: In the report the Halfords Company is going to be evaluated using the market value approach. Valuation Multiple A value, typically expressed as a factor, used to multiply a business economic benefit to arrive at the business value. Market-derived business valuation multiples Valuation multiplesderived from similar business sales are often used to estimate the likely selling price of a business. These multiples are calculated as ratios which relate some measure of business financial performance to its potential selling price. The most popularmultiplesare: Currant finance structure: Treasury policy The Groups Treasury Policy is structured to ensure that adequate financial resources are available for the development of its business whilst managing its currency, interest rate and counterparty credit risks. The Groups treasury strategy, policy and controls are approved by the Board. The main elements of treasury activity and associated risk are outlined below: Funding The treasury function arranges sufficient secure financial resources to enable the Group to meet its medium-term business objectives, whilst arranging facility maturities appropriate to its projected needs. The Group has a syndicated five-year term facility, maturing with a bullet repayment in July 2011, totalling  £300m of committed bank facilities, comprising a non-amortising term loan of  £180m and a revolving credit facility of  £120m, which, together with cash surpluses, provide adequate funding for the Groups operations. Counterparty credit risk The Group actively manages its relationships with a panel of high quality financial institutions. Credit risk is controlled by the treasury function setting counterparty credit limits by reference to published rating agency credit ratings and the Corporate Default Swap market. All such counterparties, which constitute the syndicated bank group, held at least an A credit rating at the time of the facility agreement. The Treasury Policy recognises that an exposure to a counterparty arises in relation to investments, derivatives and financial instruments. The Groups treasury departments main responsibilities are to: Ensure adequate funding and liquidity for the Group; Manage the interest risk of the Groups debt; Invest surplus cash; Manage the clearing bank operations of the Group; and Manage the foreign exchange risk on its non-sterling cash flows. The Groups debt management policy is to provide an appropriate level of funding to finance the Business Plan over the medium term at a competitive cost and ensure flexibility to meet the changing needs of the Group. The Group has a syndicated five-year term facility totalling  £300m that provides the Group with committed bank facilities until July 2011. The key risks that the Group faces from a treasury perspective are as follows: Financial risk The Business Plan and cash flow forecasts are subject to key assumptions such as interest rates and the significance of these risks is dependent upon the level of earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation and the strength of the balance sheet. Interest rate risk The Groups policy aims to manage the interest cost of the Group within the constraints of the Business Plan and its financial covenants. The Groups borrowings are currently subject to floating rate and the Group will continue to monitor movements in the swap market. Foreign currency risk The Group has a significant transaction exposure with increasing, direct source purchases of its supplies from the Far East, with most of the trade being in US dollars. The Groups policy is to manage the foreign exchange transaction exposures of the business to ensure the actual costs do not exceed the budget costs by 10% (excluding increases in the base cost of the product). The Group does not hedge either economic exposure or the translation exposure arising from the profits, assets and liabilities of non-sterling businesses whilst they remain immaterial. During the 53 weeks to 3 April 2009, the foreign exchange management policy was to hedge between 75% and 80% of the material foreign exchange transaction exposures on a rolling 15-18 month basis. Hedging is performed through the use of foreign currency bank accounts, spot rates and forward foreign exchange contracts. Credit risk The Groups policy is to minimise the risk that foreign exchange and interest rate derivative counterparties, the holders of surplus cash and the providers of debt will be unable to fulfil their obligations and also, in the case of lenders, unwilling to extend the loan facilities when they expire. The Group ensured that such counterparties used for credit transactions held at least an A credit rating at the time of syndication (July 2006). Ancillary business, in the main, is directed to the eight banks within the syndicated group. The Treasurer is responsible for determining creditworthiness of each counterparty, based on the overall financial strength of the counterparty. The counterparty credit risk is reviewed in the Treasury report, which is forwarded to the Treasury Committee and the Treasurer reviews credit exposure on a daily basis. Conclusion: Depending on the financial data provided by the Halfords Company the current financial stability of the company is successfully analyzed. References Annual report: Halfords PLC http://www.halfordscompany.com/hal/ir/fininfo/reports/ http://www.valuadder.com/glossary/valuation-multiplier.html http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/costofcapital.asp http://www.lse.co.uk/shareprice.asp?shareprice=THTshare=thorntons_plc_ord_10p